The Catechism in Questions & Answers

437. Was any of the Apostles given a special position?

Yes, in the presence of the other Apostles, Jesus Christ conferred special authority on Simon Peter: Simon was designated as the “rock” (Peter) and was given the authority of the keys. Beyond that, the Lord entrusted His “lambs and sheep”—in other words, the church—to his care (cf. John 21: 15-17). The Lord also directed the following words to him: “Simon, Simon! Indeed Satan has asked for you, that he may sift you as wheat. But I have prayed for you, that your faith should not fail; and when you have returned to Me, strengthen your brethren” (Luke 22: 31, 32).

Authority of the keys, ministry of the rock: see explanation and Questions 457. and 458.

“And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.”
Matthew 16: 18